Contents: Part 1: The Setting – The ideology and and the region -- 1. Ujamaa as an Ideology and a policy – 2. West Lake Region: Socio-economic development – 3. West Lake Region: Ujamaa in the context of agricultural development -- Part 2: Ujamaa Villages in West Lake Region – The problems of social and economic viability, transformation, and participation -- 4. “Successful” ujamaa villages in a peasant society under pressure – 5. Ujamaa as forced and subsidized resettlement – 6. Ujamaa enterprises in traditional villages – 7. Summary and concluding remarks on the development of ujamaa villages in West Lake Region -- Part 3: Ujamaa and the Tanzanian Social Formation – 8. The emergence of a new class structure – 9. Bureaucratization of the ujamaa policy