The attack of July 1, 2025, in the Kayes region of western Mali—long considered a relatively unaffected area by insecurity—is a key moment in the evolution of the armed struggle in the Sahel. The targeted areas were highly strategic. This siruation demonstrates a growing sophistication in both the methods and the ambitions and operational capabilities of these non-state armed groups. Until then, such precision in the coordination of attacks had not been seen.This policy document reviews the events of these attacks and indicates some recommendations.