Contents: Abbreviations -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction and background -- Clanship and conflict -- Prelude to Siyad Barre -- Contradictions in Socialist Somalia -- Civil war and opposition groups -- The civil war during 1990 -- Conclusions -- Bibliography -- Appendix 1, Manifesto No. 1 -- Appendix 2, The Somali Salvation Democratic Front - pamphlet 1989 -- Appendix 3, United Somali Congress Political Programme